Exploring Olive Genetic Diversity in the Maltese Islands

A comprehensive effort was devoted to exploring, collecting and characterizing the local Maltese olive germplasm, often represented by ancient, monumental trees plants of uncertain origin. SSR cp-SSR analysis all samples enabled identification 46 genotypes establishment correspondence between ancient trees, main varieties other Mediterranean cultivars. The application plastid markers two lineages among genotypes, with more than 50% lineage E2. Twenty-nine cases grafting were identified various lineages. In most cases, E1 canopies grafted on E2 rootstocks, but reverse also observed. phylogenetic study together hundreds cultivars from Basin beyond, highlights richness diversity drawing attention genetic similarity some neighboring Italian Algerian varieties. These results underline long-lasting presence in country, contributing reconstruction its phylogeny demonstrating a possible autochthonous origin many samples. Some still-living are at serious risk extinction due abandonment, urban expansion environmental threats. This supports preservation germplasm importance as rich source face new agronomical challenges future climatic constraints.